Subtle biases (also called automatic or implicit biases) are unexamined and sometimes unconscious, but just as real in their consequences. When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. How can people learn to get along with people who seem different from them? Understandably, people from the first list of groups tends to score higher on SDO, while those from the second group tend to score lower. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). b. the bystander effect. Mr. Wong, a high school teacher, tells his class that he thinks boys tend to be less anxious and, thus, give better speeches than girls. unconsciously mimicking others expressions, postures, and voice tones to help us feel what they are feeling, tendency to believe that something is true simply because it has been repeated many times, the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors. the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another, the theory that we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition, the tendency for observers, when analyzing anothers behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition, feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events, occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts, occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness, the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request, a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave, the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. Raised in a society that places a premium on individual achievement and uniqueness, Americans seem to develop a tendency to focus on the characteristics of the individual in making attributions. Desirable? b. prejudice. Solved ________ is a tendency to favor one's own group. | Chegg.com The non-rival out-group acts as a reference . Hanna is a supervisor in the production unit of a textile company. People are generally faster at pairing their own group with good categories. ethnocentrism.d. Most people have a positive view of themselves. This includes interference, displacement, and Stereotypes are the _______ component of a negative attitude towards a group of people. a. desensitizing them to violent acts. C) a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action, a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people, unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members, Uspeople with whom we share a common identity, Themthose perceived as different or apart from our ingroup, the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame, the tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than faces of other races. d. father care. The tendency to favor an idea, person, or thing over another is known as Multiple Choice rebuttal. HLT. A petty cash fund of $200 was established on April 1, 2016. The larger issue, however, is that own-group preference often results in liking other groups less. d. the blame-the-victim phenomenon. Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice | Principles of Social Psychology RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. b. egocentrism.c. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if, He feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team, After hearing respected medical authorities lecture about the value of regular exercise, Raul, who has rarely exercised, begins to jog regularly. Ingroup Bias (Definition + Examples) | Practical Psychology Use each of these words in a sentence that reflects the word's meaning in the chapter. An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. What is a FALSE statement regarding the research on microaggressions. This example is an illustration of: If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate: (Ask a partner what he or she orders in a restaurant in the following situations.). A specific case of comfort with the ingroup is called aversive racism, so-called because people do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Other Quizlet sets. "Them"those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup. Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. Chapter 12 Flashcards | Quizlet a. Women are in poverty and are uneducated more. 33. An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Situational (External) Attribution Theory. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. - Course Hero And a stereotypical old person would be seen as high in warmth but lower in competence. However, imagine if every time you ate ice cream, you got a brain freeze. lowering the value of ones house; fewer openings in the school; etc.). This sends subtle cues to the applicant that she is not being taken seriously, is not a good fit for the job, or is not likely to get hired. credibility. The results from research using the IAT are consistent with social identity theory. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike each other not because of any real, objectionable traits about the other group. d. deindividuation. (1974). "Oh, very good," Judge Matsumoto . (Blame the Victim). In some countries, women who have been raped are sometimes sentenced to punishment for having violated a law against adultery. Finally, the tendency to categorize can be associated with discrimination. Distinguish prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination. d. Catharsis. Examined the impact of obedience to authority with his controversial Shock experiment. refers to the tendency to view the world through ones own cultural own: [verb] to have or hold as property : possess. skepticism. Log in Join. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Ingroup bias is the tendency to favor and support individuals who belong to groups we identify with. C) more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small request. Examined the impact of conformity with his famous Line Perception experiment. Blatant bias is not a thing of the past, however. When it comes time to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you may still categorize it as good, but you will likely be a little slowerperhaps even fractions of a second slower-- in arriving at this judgment. The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. For example, a job interviewer might have two qualified applicants; a man and a woman. Calls for national unity and patriotism that do not tolerate dissenting voices are an example. An increase in ________ has been followed by more positive attitudes between South African Whites and Blacks. Historical examples abound. a. deindividuation. (d) Put a=1/2a=1 / 2a=1/2. Researchers suggested three possible reasons that why watching TV is negatively linked to children's achievement. c. romantic love 2. This module focuses on biases against individuals based on group membership and against groups. In political science, Duverger's law holds that single-ballot majoritarian elections with single-member districts (such as first past the post) tend to favor a two-party system.The discovery of this tendency is attributed to Maurice Duverger, a French sociologist who observed the effect and recorded it in several papers published in the 1950s and 1960s. Although categorizing can be useful, it can also result in serious and negative consequences when labels are associated with a person or groups worth. First, people are interested in understanding the intentions of others. ethnocentric. Her explanation for the accident provides and example of. Blatant biases (also called explicit biases) are conscious beliefs, feelings, and behavior that people are perfectly willing to admit, which express hostility toward other groups (outgroups) while unduly favoring ones own group (in-group). Categories . self-worth. NIMBY | Meaning, Examples, & Facts | Britannica People have always and still do openly dehumanize outgroup members and harbor hostile attitudes toward them. where all constants are positive, a(0,1)a \in(0,1)a(0,1). D) the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through group discussion. p.)\left.p.\right)p.). Devine, P. G. (1989). c. The need to be accepted by others is a powerful motivating force. d. vivid cases. The test itself is rather simple (and you can experience it yourselfhere). During lunch a group of computer science majors were discussing their choice of field. More recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, some people held hostile views of Asian-Americans, who they perceived as being associated with the coronavirus (Misra, Le, Goldmann & Yang, 2020). After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. They prescribe "proper" behavior. Here are some more examples that are actually prejudice, watch what you say! Black people tend to dress pretty much alike. The firm does the following: b. a personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status . 1. chp 9 psych Flashcards | Quizlet The finding that the greater the number of people who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help, the tendency for individuals to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain, apprehension about confirming negative stereotypes related to one's own group, the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic. c. cognitive dissonance. Psychology- CH. 11 intergroup relations Flashcards | Quizlet She goes against the common idea of older adults as being weak or unhealthy. a. ppp and mmm, and check their signs. By contrast, those high in RWA may equally dislike the outgroup member moving into the neighborhood but for different reasons. These groups could be formed by gender, race, ethnicity, or a favorite sports team. Self-serving bias can spill over into the groups we identify with. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of, In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. Social Sciences. The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. B) become more extreme in their opinions following group discussion. c. Conflict Similarly, Ecuador guarantees the fundamental right to sexual orientation and gender identity. Research on how we categorize social information suggests that Joie is most likely to believe that most: triangular theory of love. When she gets home in the evening, she criticizes her friend's choice of restaurant for dinner. We categorize people according to their citizenship, gender, allegiance to a sports team, and university affiliation, among other qualities. Some of the jurors commented on the rape victim's history of going out to various bars and they said she had been dressed too provocatively; in other words, "looking like that," she had asked to be assaulted. The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. Membership. The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. It was considered acceptable to openly disparage entire groups of people and to pass laws that restricted or harmed these groups. Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping, Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002, Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009, https://onlinepsych.pepperdine.edu/blog/prejudice-discrimination-coping-skills/, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Another case in which people judge other members of the ingroup very negatively occurs when a member of one's own group behaves in a . Under the proper circumstances, most people can suppress their natural aggressiveness. Female 3: But you know your kid better than anybody else and if you think he's acting different than usual, Male 1: acting really down, crying all the time for no good . Boy scout experiment- created conflict and then used superordinate goals to override it, woman whose murder in front of witnesses led to research on bystander effect, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 1, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 2, 01: History of PsychPeople (Unit 1 Review), Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. Chapter 7 Flashcards | Chegg.com This is an especially useful way to measure potential biases because it does not simply ask people to openly report on the extent to which they discriminate against others. The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Reduction in feelings of personal burden in the presence of others. This way of perceiving and making . If word-of-mouth hiring practices in an all-White business have the effect of excluding potential non-White employees, the practice could be called: Bill is often described as judgmental, ethnocentric, and punitive. (c) How does the optimal expenditure on the xxx good vary with ppp ? After Manny's father refused to let him use the family car on Friday night, Manny let all the air out of the tires. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Social facilitation refers to the tendency to, Perform well learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others, Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone.
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